DIGITAL MEDIA ART: March 2011

Banjar language is divided into two major dialects; the upper river dialect (Banjar Hulu) and down river dialect (Banjar Kuala). Main differences of the two dialects can be found in phonology and lexicons, although slight difference in syntactic structure can also be noticed. Banjar Hulu has only three vowels, namely /i/ with its long variant /i:/, high back rounded vowel /u:/, and low back vowel /a/. When words contain vowels other than these three vowels, it will be replaced to one of them based on the closeness of height and other quality of the vowels. For example, Banjarese speaker trying to pronounce English word 'logo' will sound like pronouncing the Indonesian word for innocent, 'lugu'. The Indonesian word 'enak' for delicious will be pronounced /inak/. The word 'kemana' (where) will be pronounced even many times spelled 'kamana'. Other distinctive characteristic of Banjar Hulu dialect is that words beginning with a vowel are most likely to be pronounced with an /h/ sound in front of the words. The addition of /h/ sound even can also be noticed in the spelling.

Some of the local banjar people words :

Banjar Hulu	Banjar Kuala	Malaysia
baduhara	bakurinah	dengan sengaja
bibit	jumput/ambil	ambil
bungas/langkar	mulik/baik rupa	cantik
caram	calap	tergenang air
canggar	kajung	tegang/ereksi
ampah	mara	arah
banyu hangat	banyu panas	air panas
hangkui	nyaring	nyaring
hagan	gasan	untuk
gani'i	dangani	temani
ma-hurup	ma-nukar	mem-beli
padu/padangan	dapur	dapur
hingkat	kawa	dapat/bisa
pawa	wadah	tempat
himpat/tawak/tukun/hantup	hamput	sambit (lempar)
arai	himung	senang
tiring	lihat	memandang
tingau	lihat	toleh
balalah	bakunjang	bepergian
lingir	tuang	tuang
tuti	tadih/hintadi	tadi
ba-ugah	ba-jauh	men-jauh
macal	nakal	nakal
balai	langgar	surau
tutui	catuk	pukul dengan palu
kadai	warung	warung
kau'	nyawa	kamu
diaku	unda	aku
di sia	di sini	di sini
bat-ku	ampun-ku	punya-ku
ba-cakut	ba-kalahi	berkelahi
ba-cakut	ba-pingkut	berpegangan pada sesuatu
diang	galuh	panggilan anak perempuan
nini laki	kai	kakek
utuh	nanang	panggilan anak lelaki
uma	mama	ibu
puga	anyar	baru
salukut	bakar	bakar
kasalukutan/kamandahan	kagusangan	kebakaran
tajua	ampih	berhenti
acil laki	amang	paman

The numbering order in Banjar Languages :

Bahasa Banjar	Bahasa Malaysia
asa	satu
dua	dua
talu	tiga
ampat	empat
lima	lima
anam	enam
pitu	tujuh
walu	lapan
sanga	sembilan
sapuluh	sepuluh
sawalas	sebelas
pitungwalas	tujuh belas
salikur	dua puluh satu
salawi	dua puluh lima
talungpuluh	tiga puluh
anampuluh	enam puluh
walungpuluh	delapan puluh
sangangpuluh	sembilan puluh
saratus	seratus
tangah dua ratus	seratus lima puluh
saribu	seribu
sajuta	sejuta

Example of one of Banjar Song with Banjar Languages :

Task:
To design and develop an Interactive Information Design Application

Title:
Arts and Culture of Banjar people (Language, Architecture & Food)

Objective:
• To give information and learn about arts and crafts of banjar culture at audience using interactive information.

Target audience:
Teenagers ( 13-25 years old )

Introduction
The Banjar (or Banjarese) are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay archipelago. They set up pockets of settlement there, in Perak (mostly in Parit Buntar and Teluk Intan region), Selangor around (Sabak Bernam and Sungai Besar), inJohor (Batu Pahat), in Medan as well as other places. The Banjarese people are made up of the native Dayaks, otherMalays from Sumatra, and Javanese from Java.

History

The Proto-Malay people migrated to Kalimantan/Borneo in 2500 BC. They were the ancestors of the Dayak people (Ot Danum). In 2500 BC, the Deutero Malay migrated to Kalimantan/Borneo. The Malay people from Sumatra brought their culture to Kalimantan/Borneo in 400 AD. The fusion of the cultures saw the birth of the Benjar Hulu language. Later, in 520 AD, the Malays formed the Buddhist Kingdom ofTanjungpuri in the present-day region of Tanjung, Tabalong.
In 1200 AD, Empu Jatmika built the Hindu Kingdom of Negara Dipa by the river of Tapin. This was the start of the Javanese-style courts in South Kalimantan. The Hindu era in South Kalimantan remained the most remembered period in South Kalimantan's history. The glory of Negara Dipa was succeeded by the Hindu Kingdom of Negara Daha in 1400 AD.
According to history, Prince Samudera, the rightful heir to the kingdom of Negara Daha, was forced to flee the court of because of his uncle's revolt against him. He was accepted by the people of Bandar Masih (Bandar=port, Masih=Malay people). Supported by the Sultanate of Demak, he formed a new Islamic Banjar Kingdom in 1526 with Bandar Masih as its capital. The name of Bandar Masih was later changed to Banjarmasin.
Language :
Banjar language is the native language used by the Banjarese people of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. As many Banjarese are travelling merchants, they brought their mother tongue wherever they went all over Indonesia, even all over the world.
Especially in the island of Kalimantan, Banjarese can be considered as a lingua franca, as it is used widely in 3 of 4 provinces of Kalimantan: South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, and Central Kalimantan, with the exception of West Kalimantan where Malay is more popular.
Although Banjarese, with six million speakers, is commonly considered "local Malay",[1] a 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database[2] was not able to verify that it is even Malayic. The study was only able to determine with 80% confidence that Banjar is closer to Malayan and Ibanic than it is to other Malayo-Sumbawan languages. It does appear that it is the most divergent Malayic language included in the study.
The language contains a lot of Malay and some Javanese cognates, but they usually have their own distinctively Banjarese counterparts.
Banjar language is divided into two major dialects; the upper river dialect (Banjar Hulu) and down river dialect (Banjar Kuala). Main differences of the two dialects can be found in phonology and lexicons, although slight difference in syntactic structure can also be noticed. Banjar Hulu has only three vowels, namely /i/ with its long variant /i:/, high back rounded vowel /u:/, and low back vowel /a/. When words contain vowels other than these three vowels, it will be replaced to one of them based on the closeness of height and other quality of the vowels. For example, Banjarese speaker trying to pronounce English word 'logo' will sound like pronouncing the Indonesian word for innocent, 'lugu'. The Indonesian word 'enak' for delicious will be pronounced /inak/. The word 'kemana' (where) will be pronounced even many times spelled 'kamana'. Other distinctive characteristic of Banjar Hulu dialect is that words beginning with a vowel are most likely to be pronounced with an /h/ sound in front of the words. The addition of /h/ sound even can also be noticed in the spelling.
Like Indonesian language Banjar Kuala has five vowels, /a, i, u, e, o/.

Food

1) Wadai Kiping
2) Surabi’
3) Ikan Puyu masak Kencur
4) Burung puyuh masak sangganggan
5) Ulam Tigarun
6) Daging masak awan sahang
7) Hampapai/Mandai
8) Ikan Wadi (perkasam ikan)
9) Tampang Keladi Masak Awan Asam
10) Hayam Sangak Awan Jinar
11) Soto Banjar
12) Rendang Dinding

There will be another full update for this Food Section after I done my Interview and Research for this Sub-Topic.

Wadai Kiping

Ikan Puyu masak Kencur

Surabi’

Ulam Tigarun

Architecture

There is various type of Banjar people architecture from Indonesia itself or in Malaysia. For example :

1. Bubungan Tinggi

2. Gajah Baliku

3. Gajah Manyusu

4. Balai Laki

5. Balai Bini

6. Palimbangan

7. Palimasan (Rumah Gajah)

8. Anjung Surung (Rumah Cacak Burung)

9. Tadah Alas

10. Rumah Lanting

11. Joglo Gudang

12. Bangun Gudang

Traditional Architecture of Religious Structures:

1. Candi Laras

2. Candi Agung

3. Masjid Sultan Suriansyah

Bubungan Tinggi

Rumah Bubungan Tinggi or Rumah Banjar or Rumah Ba-anjung is the most iconic type of house in South Kalimantan. In the old kingdom time, this house is the core building in a complex of a palace. This particular house is where the King and his family would reside. Since 1850, there are various building around it with their own respective functions. The name "Bubungan Tinggi" refers to its sharp roof (45 degrees steep). This type of house became so popular, that people out of the royalty also took interest in building it. Hence, there are houses with this type of architecture all over South Kalimantan, and even crossing the borders of Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan. This type of house, of course, took more money than the usual house, so it was naturally the house of the rich.

Nowadays most Banjar people have little interest in building Bubungan Tinggi. Beside the fact that it takes a lot of money to build, people nowadays prefer the "modern" type of house. Its cultural values, however, are still appreciated. It is the main figure in both South Kalimantan andBanjarmasin's coat of arms. Many of the modern governmental buildings are built with its' traits.

Babungan Tinggi

Balai Laki

Balai Laki is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people in their homeland South Kalimantan, Indonesia. In the time of the old kingdom, this house was a part of the palace complex. Rumah Balai Laki was the house for officials such as the ministers.

Balai Bini

Balai Bini is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people in their homeland South Kalimantan, Indonesia. In the past kingdom time, this house was a part of the palace complex. Balai Bini was the house of the ladies of the court, such as the princesses and nannies.

Palimbangan

Rumah Palimbangan is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people in their homeland South Kalimantan, Indonesia. In the time of the old kingdom, this house was a part of the palace complex. Palimbangan was the house for high clerics and big merchants.

Palimasan (Rumah Gajah)

Rumah Palimasan is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people in their homeland in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The feature of this house is its "shield roof". In the old kingdom time, it is a part of the palace complex. Its function in the complex was to be used as a treasury. You can still see old houses with this style in South Kalimantan, but they are usually not in a very good condition.

Anjung Surung (Rumah Cacak Burung)

Rumah Anjung Surung is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people in their homeland South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This is the type of house of commoners. The shape of this house if seen from above is the shape of a cross(+), that is why it is also known as Rumah Cacak Burung.

Rumah Lanting

Rumah Lanting is a type of traditional house of Banjar people in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The foundation of this house is raft which floats on the rivers of South Kalimantan. This raft is made from big logs of wood

Joglo Gudang

Rumah Joglo Gudang or Rumah Bulat is a type of traditional house of the Banjar people in their homeland South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This type of house has the roof that is similar to Javanese-style house, Joglo, hence the name. While the name “Gudang” (which means "storehouse) was given because the lower part of the house is usually used to store things. This feature makes this type of house is the preferred style of the Chinese-ethnicity who lives in South Kalimantan.